Friday 13 April 2012

“Shit Happens” Deal with It! - 3

Almost everyone desires security, the natural reaction is to forecast and plan. Still, even with the best laid plans “shit will still happen”! We live in a chaotic World and might as well get used to it. The question is how to deal with uncertainty – is it better forecasts, budgets and plans, or is it better strategies, tactics, procedures and algorithms to deal with “shit” when it does happen.

I choose better strategies and tactics to deal with the consequences of “shit”. I do not have a crystal ball so I know that I cannot forecast with any accuracy – so why waste my time fine tuning forecasts and plans?

About Cause and Effect analysis to gain competitive advantage (the beginning!)

 

What does all this mean for our Business?

Every business has many policies, rules, common practices (the way we do business around here), culture and key performance indicators that are the things that should result in good positive bottom line results, hopefully better than our competitors’ results. Look around the business World – in many industries (maybe yours too) market shares are almost ‘locked in’ (they barely change from year to year) indicating (this is a cause and effect supposition) that all competitors are more or less the equal … why should your competitors suffer the hassle of switching to your product … they would gain no advantage by working with you.

In most industries it is difficult to gain a product advantage. If you do achieve an advantage competitors will soon copy with something very much the equivalent. If competitors generally copy any product innovation very quickly then, the way we do business is a possible source of significant advantage possibly even with advantages competitors find difficult to copy. Could the way we do business within an industry be a profitable area for a company to seek a significant or decisive competitive advantage?

Given your business and the situation in your industry might a rigorous cause and effect analysis lead to the direction of a solution – the direction to growth, market share gains and (much) better profitability? Could we build solutions, validated with rigorous cause and effect analysis, that we can forecast will (not might) have a strong positive effect on our bottom line? (NB. Cause and Effect analysis and prediction is an integral part of the scientific method.)

PICT0229

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Wednesday 11 April 2012

“Shit Happens” Deal with It! - 2

Almost everyone desires security, the natural reaction is to forecast and plan. Still, even with the best laid plans “shit will still happen”! We live in a chaotic World and might as well get used to it. The question is how to deal with uncertainty – is it better forecasts, budgets and plans, or is it better strategies, tactics, procedures and algorithms to deal with “shit” when it does happen.
I choose better strategies and tactics to deal with the consequences of “shit”. I do not have a crystal ball so I know that I cannot forecast with any accuracy – so why waste my time fine tuning forecasts and plans?

January 2009 – “Think Globally”

Dr. Goldratt’s short lecture can be found here: "Think Globally" It is about the assumptions companies made in January 2009 – forecast assumptions about future demand after reading and experiencing the start of the recession in December 2008 and after suffering a 50% drop in orders in that month.
I recommend you watch this short video as Goldratt takes you through his cause and effect analysis about the situation then. He showed that while orders had already declined by 50%, by May normal or almost normal demand levels would be back. If you listen carefully all the necessary information was available from the Internet and from common knowledge about how people and businessmen tend to react – so that the cause and effect analysis could be developed. The short lecture is a description of an electronic component manufacturer and their response to the recession in January 2009. I contend that we can do the same kind of analysis for any other market and any other situation – all we need is to learn how to develop rigorous cause and effect ‘trees’.
As it turned out at least 1 company followed the recommendations from the video, and therefore gained significant market share from their competitors in an otherwise tough market. Competitors responded as expected after the forecast of a deep recession and after experiencing a steep decline in demand.
Before we panic because newspapers and TV business forecast a deep recession or some other economic calamity, let us think the situation through, thoroughly check the available data and use rigorous cause and effect logic before we decide whether we really should panic. Maybe we should question news with a big “REALLY???
If more business leaders would stop and consider their entire supply chain, then some of the panicky forecasts that sell newspaper and TV advertising may no longer become self-fulfilling prophecies. Our newspapers and the evening news relies on correlation and classification to describe what is going on the business and economic World – using historical ‘parallels’ often based on too little data and information to draw valid conclusions (conclusions may actually become valid because of the forecasts made; news-people create the self-fulfilling prophecies!). Statistics don’t lie, but the people that use them often do.
Try to think in a cause and effect way to decide – don’t trust the news … unless you are sure the analysis is truly valid because your source has developed a rigorous case and effect analysis. Do this and you will have information you can use profitably.

Discussion of Goldratt’s Lecture

The lecture’s content is of course interesting in itself, but look at the structure Goldratt has in his lecture – how he builds up to the conclusion that to lay-off people in January 2009 would be a major mistake (for the type of businesses discussed). Goldratt was a person that trained himself to ask the question: “Really?” when someone makes a (sweeping) statement like, “a recession (or maybe a depression) is coming”. He always sought to answer the question WHY does someone think so. Warren Buffet appears to be another such person that never relies on what others say, but much more on his powers of deduction – his ability to build the cause-effect relationships from what is known, what can be discovered and from life experience to come to what might be a quite different conclusion. If Buffett cannot understand it (like the dot.com boom) he will not invest.
Take a second look at the video and see if you can build the logical tree Goldratt developed for us.
I recommend that you look at some other literature that takes such a quite different approach to thinking. Malcolm Gladwells books question some commonly held beliefs about many different things … one I remember is intelligence … Asians are more intelligent than Whites; they are better at math than Whites. Certainly Asians as a group achieve higher test scores. However Gladwell concludes the Asian environment is much more conducive to learning than our Western learning culture. The way Asian languages encode numbers is much more logical and fast than our complicated way of counting. The Asians advantage comes from their environment and culture and not from any genetic advantage. (You may not agree with Gladwell, so build the cause and effect logic found in his books and attempt to find his faulty conclusion.)
If you look around the Internet, libraries etc. you will find a number of people (Steven Levitt and Freakonomics for instance) that offer different conclusions from those commonly held. Some are of these people are cranks; but some do have good valid conclusions. For us readers the important thing is to analyse what has been written … not just does the information correlate with what we ‘know’ but are the cause and effect links valid?
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“Shit Happens” Deal with It! - 1

Almost everyone desires security, the natural reaction is to forecast and plan. Still, even with the best laid plans “shit will still happen”! We live in a chaotic World and might as well get used to it. The question is how to deal with uncertainty – is it better forecasts, budgets and plans, or is it better strategies, tactics, procedures and algorithms to deal with “shit” when it does happen.

I choose better strategies and tactics to deal with the consequences of “shit”. I do not have a crystal ball so I know that I cannot forecast with any accuracy – so why waste my time fine tuning forecasts and plans?

The Past is what is wrong with Forecasts

We simply have not enough of a clue about the future – we have no knowledge of what is really going to happen. Every forecast I have ever seen is an assumption about the future – most often this assumption is some sort of extrapolation (very often linear) made from the past. Extrapolation in some form or another occurs whether or not a person or a computer makes the forecast – it is the only way most of us know how to visualize the future. After all we have to base our forecast on some sort of information and assumptions.

In my career I have seen interesting situations that demonstrate the unreliability of our forecasting and planning capabilities (as long as the future looks like the past forecasts will be Ok – when something jolts the economy (even just a little bit) accuracy goes out the window.

  • I was responsible for a type of Nylon for hosiery that had a superb texture and feel to it, but it was significantly more expensive than other, conventional, nylons. This, rather superb, product was not selling well around the World and my sales area was no exception. Based on forecasts we would never make any money with it. Management decided to get out of the business – starting with my market; told me to get out of the market – stop selling the product.As sales manager for the region the best way I knew to cut demand was to increase price dramatically. So I doubled it. What happened next was a surprise … demand increased! Doubling the price did not work, so I did it again. Demand continued to increase and at this new price the product became very profitable. What I had done – quite accidentally – was to create a luxury product.Our forecast based on historical demand and therefore our business plan indicated the best we could was to get out of the market. As it turned out, we did not understand our (customers’) market and by total accident created a success. The lesson I learned was to be ready for surprises, and when they happen take advantage of them.
  • Later on I was manager of another business and had the good fortune to have two excellent years of growth in sales and profit. It was budget time near the end of the second year and my sales forecast was due. From what my gut was telling me (I could not prove it and extrapolation of the trend showed continued growth) sales in the following year would at best match what we had just achieved. Well the computer’s projection out of the past indicated my business would grow again. In the end my gut lost to the computer’s forecast – management ‘talked me into’ a growth forecast (despite the knowledge that our industry was operating at close to capacity). Reality showed that my gut (which I could not explain well) was the much more accurate forecast. (NB. In this case my gut was correct, but could just as well been way off with the computer’s gut delivering the better, more appropriate, forecast.We don’t know which forecast will be correct – what we need are tools and processes to react to reality correctly.
  • A long time ago double knit polyester fabrics were all the rage – they were cheap and did the job. Every year we made new 5-year forecasts always showing that the dramatic increases in sales would not continue – demand would be flat the following year. Well, it was not – the same fantastic growth went on for more than 5-years. After a number of years of forecasting too low, we learned – this market was growing at a fantastic rate and we had better forecast and plan capacity accordingly. So we extrapolated from history – which by that time looked like almost vertical exponential growth … so you can imagine what our latest 5-year forecast looked like.That was the year growth went from almost exponential to flat and then decline! Clearly using history was a big mistake!

The lesson from this and many other such stories is not that we should stop making plans. We must, however, recognize the fallibility of our plans and therefore the need to build processes and tools that help us respond correctly to surprises in either direction.

The story that follows should speak to many of us. It takes place in January 2009 soon after the recession started.

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